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Effects of NPY-Y1 Receptor Activation or Inhibition on Free Radical Generation During in Vitro or in Vivo Cerebral Ischemia

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Effects of NPY-Y1 Receptor Activation or Inhibition on Free Radical Generation During in Vitro or in Vivo Cerebral Ischemia

4.85 61,698 ratings · 4,234 reviews
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Overview: This dissertation, "Effects of NPY-Y1 Receptor Activation or Inhibition on Free Radical Generation During in Vitro or in Vivo Cerebral Ischemia" by Pui-shan, Chan, 陳佩珊, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled "Effects of NPY-Y1 receptor activation or inhibition on free radical generation during in vitro or in vivo cerebral ischemia" Submitted by CHAN Pui Shan for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in January 2006 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant and widely distributed neuropeptides in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system. Previous studies in the rat have shown that the infarct volume and the relative brain nitric oxide (NO) concentration increase following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPY or its Y1 agonist. NPY appears to have a harmful role in ischemic damage via the activation of its Y1 receptors. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of NPY acting via its Y1 receptors during ischemic damage are uncertain. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used in the first study to measure the brain NO concentration in order to study how an ICV administration of NPY or its Y1 antagonist, BIBP3226, plus an intraperitoneal administration of a selective or non-selective nNOS inhibitor (selective: 7-Nitroindazole, 7-NI; non-selective: N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, L-NAME) or a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) would modulate the brain NO level between the bregma levels +2 and -4 mm during MCAO in the rat. The relative brain NO concentration of the groups treated with NPY plus 7-NI and with BIBP plus SNP was increased, but results of these two groups were not significantly different from that of the vehicle-control group. When compared to vehicle treatment, NPY increased the relative brain NO concentration, but there was no further increase with NPY plus SNP treatment. The present results suggest that, during ischemia, NPY acts via its Y1 receptors to activate nNOS which, in turn, is partly responsible for ischemia-induced NO overproduction. In the in vitro studies, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to two types of human neuroblastoma cell lines, SK-N-MC and SH-SY5Y cells, which express the NPY Y1 and Y2 receptors, respectively. The NO-sensitive fluorescent dye, DAF-2 DA, the superoxide radical (O ) sensitive dye, hydroethidine (HEt), and the calcium ion sensitive fluorescent dye, fluo 3/AM were used to detect the - 2+ generation of NO, O and the calcium concentration ([Ca ] ), respectively, in the 2 i cells after OGD. These studies were conducted to determine whether NPY and its analogs would modulate the intracellular generation of NO, O and the intracellular calcium concentration following OGD. NPY and LP-NPY, a Y1 agonist, increased -- 2+ the cellular level of NO, O and [Ca ] following OGD in the SK-N-MC cells. In 2 i -- 2+ contrast, BIBP3226 suppressed the level of NO, O and [Ca ]

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Pui-Shan Chan is the author of several novels. Originally from the East Coast, they now live in the Midwest with family. In addition to writing, Pui-Shan Chan enjoys gardening, cooking, and reading way past bedtime. Their work often explores the complexities of everyday life and human relationships.

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Exceeded all my expectations. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre.
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Masterpiece from start to finish. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An effortless 5 stars.
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Exceeded all my expectations. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
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Masterpiece from start to finish. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An effortless 5 stars.
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Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
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Exceeded all my expectations. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. Worth every moment spent reading.
Dorothy Anderson
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I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. A very distinguished novel.
William Sanchez
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I was completely blown away. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. I am now a lifelong fan of this author.
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A very strong entry. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend.
Donna Young
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Excellent, though slightly flawed. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers.
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Such a rich narrative. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I am now a lifelong fan of this author.
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Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. An effortless 5 stars.
Sarah Thompson
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Took a moment to build, but the payoff was spectacular. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. Quite impressive overall.
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Patricia Turner
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Exceeded all my expectations. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. A true literary gem.
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A highly sophisticated read. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. A very distinguished novel.
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I find myself somewhat conflicted. It possessed moments of brilliance, but the narrative felt slightly disjointed ultimately. Unlikely to reread, but a reasonable expenditure of time.
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Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
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Exceeded all my expectations. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre.
William Collins
William Collins October 05, 2024
I was completely blown away. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
Christopher Reyes
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Took a moment to build, but the payoff was spectacular. A brilliant concept executed with flair. Just a few pacing choices I would change. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers.
Brian Collins
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Masterpiece from start to finish. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. Worth every moment spent reading.
Ryan Moore
Ryan Moore March 24, 2024
Masterpiece from start to finish. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. Worth every moment spent reading.
Ryan Baker
Ryan Baker August 21, 2025
Absolutely brilliant. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. A true literary gem.
John Torres
John Torres April 11, 2024
I find myself somewhat conflicted. It possessed moments of brilliance, but the narrative felt slightly disjointed ultimately. A fair 3 stars.
Michael Miller
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Excellent, though slightly flawed. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend.
Elizabeth Baker
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A highly sophisticated read. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A very distinguished novel.
Karen Williams
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Took a moment to build, but the payoff was spectacular. It held my rapt attention, even when certain twists were telegraphed. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend.
Betty Rodriguez
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I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers.
Edward Martinez
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Masterpiece from start to finish. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
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Excellent, though slightly flawed. A brilliant concept executed with flair. Just a few pacing choices I would change. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend.
Deborah Gonzalez
Deborah Gonzalez July 28, 2025
I was completely blown away. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. An effortless 5 stars.
Charles Nguyen
Charles Nguyen June 08, 2025
Such a rich narrative. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. A true literary gem.
Steven Flores
Steven Flores October 28, 2024
Such a rich narrative. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
Susan Lopez
Susan Lopez September 10, 2025
A profoundly satisfying read. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece.
Ashley Baker
Ashley Baker December 29, 2024
I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. Quite impressive overall.
Thomas Cruz
Thomas Cruz October 25, 2024
I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers.
Robert Collins
Robert Collins January 13, 2024
Absolutely brilliant. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. A true literary gem.
Elizabeth Rivera
Elizabeth Rivera February 05, 2024
Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. I am now a lifelong fan of this author.
Nicholas Sanchez
Nicholas Sanchez December 22, 2024
Such a rich narrative. It strikes a perfect harmony of dialogue and world-building. Every chapter felt necessary. A true literary gem.
David Johnson
David Johnson September 07, 2024
Exceeded all my expectations. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An effortless 5 stars.
Sarah Cruz
Sarah Cruz June 30, 2025
Absolutely brilliant. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. I am now a lifelong fan of this author.
Kevin Torres
Kevin Torres August 19, 2024
A profoundly satisfying read. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I am now a lifelong fan of this author.
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